Thursday: Initial Unemployment Claims, Personal Income and Outlays, Chicago PMI

In general the media covered the GDP report correctly. Even though the headline number was slightly negative, the underlying details were in line with expectations (except the sharp drop in Federal government spending for defense). As an example, from the NY Times: Economy Contracted Unexpectedly in Fourth Quarter

The drop in gross domestic product was driven by a plunge in military spending, as well as fewer exports and a steep slowdown in the buildup of inventories by businesses. ...

Despite the overall contraction, there was underlying data in the report suggesting the economy is not on the brink of a recession or an extended slump. Residential investment jumped 15.3 percent, a sign that the housing sector continues to recover, for one. Similarly, investment in equipment and software by businesses rose 12.4 percent, an indicator that companies are still spending.
...
The 22.2 percent drop in military spending ' the sharpest quarterly drop in more than four decades ' along with the drop in inventories and exports overwhelmed more positive indicators in the private sector, [Michael Feroli, chief United States economist at JPMorgan] said.

That is similar to my post this morning: Comments on Q4 GDP and Investment

Thursday economic releases:
' At 8:30 AM ET, the initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released. The consensus is for claims to increase to 350 thousand from 330 thousand last week.

' Also at 8:30 AM, Personal Income and Outlays for December. The consensus is for a 0.7% increase in personal income in December, and for 0.3% increase in personal spending. And for the Core PCE price index to increase 0.1%. Personal income was boosted by some high income earners accelerating income to avoid higher taxes in 2013.

' At 9:45 AM, the Chicago Purchasing Managers Index for January will be released. The consensus is for a decrease to 50.5, down from 51.6 in December.

Weekly Initial Unemployment Claims increase to 368,000

The DOL reports:

In the week ending January 26, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 368,000, an increase of 38,000 from the previous week's unrevised figure of 330,000. The 4-week moving average was 352,000, an increase of 250 from the previous week's unrevised average of 351,750.

The previous week was unrevised.

The following graph shows the 4-week moving average of weekly claims since January 2000.

Click on graph for larger image.

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims increased slightly to 352,000.

Weekly claims were above the 350,000 consensus forecast, however the 4-week average is near the levels of early 2008.

Wednesday: Q4 GDP, FOMC Announcement, ADP Employment

Doug Short provides a preview on GDP: WSJ Economists' GDP Forecasts: 1.6% for Q4 2012 and 1.7 in Q1 2013

A big economic announcement this week will be tomorrow's Advance Estimate for Q4 GDP from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The final number for Q3 GDP was 3.1%. The general consensus is that Q4 will show a significant decline in this broad measure of the economy. Investing.com weighs in at 1.8%. According to Briefing.com, the consensus for Q4 is 1.0%. However, Briefing.com's own estimate, I should point out, is considerably lower at 0.1%.

From Merrill Lynch:

The first release of Q4 GDP is likely to show that growth weakened at the end of 2012. We forecast GDP growth of 1.0%, down from the 3.1% pace in Q3. However, much of the slowdown owes to a contraction in inventories and widening in the trade deficit; domestic final sales should hold close to 2.0%. As such, we advise smoothing through the two quarters to gauge the underlying trend of the economy.

We expect a decent gain in consumer spending of 2.3% and a solid increase in residential investment of 17%. ... The healthy gain in residential investment reflects the turn in homebuilding and greater renovation spending. We also expect equipment and software investment to increase after declining in Q3. On the downside, the trade deficit is likely to widen due to a sharp drop in exports. The biggest drag, however, will come from a sharp contraction in inventories.

As always, the details will matter.

Wednesday economic releases:
' At 7:00 AM ET, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

' At 8:15 AM, The ADP Employment Report for January will be released. This report is for private payrolls only (no government). The consensus is for 172,000 payroll jobs added in January. Even with the new methodology, the report still hasn't been that useful in predicting the BLS report.

' At 8:30 AM, the Q4 GDP report will be released. This is the advance (first) release from the BEA. The consensus is that real GDP increased 1.0% annualized in Q4.

' Around 11:15 AM, the FOMC Meeting Announcement will be released. No significant changes are expected,

Earlier on House Prices:
' Case-Shiller: House Prices increased 5.5% year-over-year in November
' Comment on House Prices, Real House Prices, and Price-to-Rent Ratio
' All Current House Price Graphs

ADP: Private Employment increased 192,000 in January

by Bill McBride on 1/30/2013 08:20:00 AM

Real GDP decreased 0.1% Annualized in Q4

From the BEA:

Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States -- decreased at an annual rate of 0.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012 (that is, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter), according to the "advance" estimate released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP increased 3.1 percent

The increase in real GDP in the second quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, nonresidential fixed investment, private inventory investment, and residential fixed investment that were partly offset by a negative contribution from state and local government spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.

The decrease in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected negative contributions from private inventory investment, federal government spending, and exports that were partly offset by positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PCE), nonresidential fixed investment, and residential fixed investment. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased at a 2.2% annualized rate, and residential investment increased 15.3%, equipment and software increased 12.4%. That is a solid increase in fixed investment.

"Change in private inventories" subtracted 1.27 percentage points from GDP in Q4, and the Federal government subtracted 1.25 percentage points (mostly a sharp decrease in defense spending).

This was below expectations, but the internals were decent with PCE and private investment increasing (domestic demand). I'll have more on GDP later ...

Dallas Fed: Regional Manufacturing Activity "Strengthens" in January

From the Dallas Fed: Texas Manufacturing Activity Strengthens in January

Texas factory activity rose sharply in January, according to business executives responding to the Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey. The production index, a key measure of state manufacturing conditions, rose from 3.5 to 12.9, which is consistent with faster growth.

Other measures of current manufacturing activity also indicated stronger growth in January. The new orders index jumped 13 points to 12.2, its highest reading since March 2011. The capacity utilization index shot up from 2.1 to 14.0, implying utilization rates increased faster than last month. The shipments index rose 9 points to 21.9, indicating shipments quickened in January.

Perceptions of broader business conditions were more positive in January. The general business activity index increased from 2.5 to 5.5, its best reading since March. The company outlook index also rose sharply to 12.6, largely due to a drop in the share of firms reporting a worsened outlook from 10 percent in December to 6 percent in January.

Labor market indicators reflected a sharp increase in hiring but flat workweeks.

This was the strongest regional manufacturing report for January and above expectations of a reading of 4.0 for the general business activity index.

Here is a graph comparing the regional Fed surveys and the ISM manufacturing index:

Click on graph for larger image.

The New York and Philly Fed surveys are averaged together (dashed green, through January), and five Fed surveys are averaged (blue, through January) including New York, Philly, Richmond, Dallas and Kansas City. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) PMI (red) is through December (right axis).

The average of the five regional surveys turned negative again.

The ISM index for January will be released Friday, Feb 1st, and these surveys suggest another weak reading - and probably indicating contraction (below 50). Note: The Markit Flash index was surprisingly strong in January.

Existing Home Inventory up 3.7% in late January

One of key questions for 2013 is Will Housing inventory bottom this year?. Since this is a very important question, I'll be tracking inventory weekly for the next few months.

If inventory does bottom, we probably will not know for sure until late in the year. In normal times, there is a clear seasonal pattern for inventory, with the low point for inventory in late December or early January, and then peaking in mid-to-late summer.

The NAR data is monthly and released with a lag.  However Ben at Housing Tracker (Department of Numbers) kindly sent me some weekly inventory data for the last several years. This is displayed on the graph below as a percentage change from the first week of the year.

In 2010 (blue), inventory followed the normal seasonal pattern, however in 2011 and 2012, there was only a small increase in inventory early in the year, followed by a sharp decline for the rest of the year.

So far - through January - it appears inventory is increasing at a more normal rate.

Click on graph for larger image.

Note: the data is a little weird for early 2011 (spikes down briefly).

The key will be to see how much inventory increases over the next few months. In 2010, inventory was up 8% by early March, and up 15% by the end of March.

For 2011 and 2012, inventory only increased about 5% at the peak.

So far in 2013, inventory is up 3.7%, and the next few months will be very interesting for inventory!

Monday: Durable Goods, Pending Home Sales

This is related to my earlier post on Thresholds for QE, from Binyamin Appelbaum at the NY Times: At Fed, Nascent Debate on When to Slow Asset Buying

The looming question is how much longer the asset purchases will continue.

... the discussion already has begun to swing toward informal thresholds.

Mr. Rosengren said last year that the Fed should certainly continue the purchases until the unemployment rate declines at least below 7.25 percent.

James Bullard, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ... [told] CNBC that he expected the unemployment rate to drop to near 7 percent by the end of the year and that it would then be appropriate for the Fed to consider suspending its program of asset purchases.

This discussion is just starting, and I don't expect any significant announcements after the FOMC meeting this week.

The Asian markets are mostly green tonight; the Shanghai Composite index is up 1%.

From CNBC: Pre-Market Data and Bloomberg futures: the S&P futures and DOW are flat (fair value).

Oil prices have moved up a little recently with WTI futures at $95.97 per barrel and Brent at $113.27 per barrel. Gasoline prices are up about 5 cents over the last 10 days.

Monday:
' At 8:30 AM ET, Durable Goods Orders for December from the Census Bureau. The consensus is for a 1.6% increase in durable goods orders.

' At 10:00 AM, the NAR will release their Pending Home Sales Index for December. The consensus is for a 0.3% decrease in the index.

' At 10:30 AM, the Dallas Fed Manufacturing Survey for January will be released. This is the last of the regional surveys for January. The consensus is a decrease to 4.0 from 6.8 in December (above zero is expansion).

Weekend:
' Summary for Week Ending Jan 25th
' Schedule for Week of Jan 27th
' Thresholds for QE
' Me, Me, Me

Thresholds for QE

In the schedule for this coming week, I mentioned there is a two day Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting ending on Wednesday, January 30th with the FOMC announcement expected at 2:15 PM ET on Wednesday. No significant changes are expected at this meeting.

At the last meeting, the FOMC set "thresholds" for raising the Fed Funds rate. From the December FOMC statement:

"[The FOMC] anticipates that this exceptionally low range for the federal funds rate will be appropriate at least as long as the unemployment rate remains above 6-1/2 percent, inflation between one and two years ahead is projected to be no more than a half percentage point above the Committee's 2 percent longer-run goal, and longer-term inflation expectations continue to be well anchored. The Committee views these thresholds as consistent with its earlier date-based guidance."
emphasis added

An interesting question is if the FOMC will set thresholds for reducing or ending the current $85 billion per month in asset purchases (aka Quantitative Easing or QE). Goldman Sachs chief economist Jan Hatzius discussed this possibility last week:

"The rationale for QE thresholds is similar to that for funds rate thresholds, namely that they would help the financial markets understand the Fed's reaction function with respect to changes in the economic outlook. If the committee adopted such an approach, the most likely thresholds would be 7.25% for the unemployment rate, 2.5% for the 1-2 year PCE inflation outlook, and "well anchored" inflation expectations. We would also expect an additional "out," namely that QE must not impair market functioning or create financial imbalances.

Any move to QE thresholds would probably not occur until the spring or summer of 2013. But the future of QE, the criteria for slowing or ending it, and perhaps even the question of whether QE thresholds are desirable in principle are likely to be on the FOMC's agenda as soon as next week."

Boston Fed President Eric Rosengren discussed this in a speech last year:

"My own personal assessment is that as long as inflation and inflation expectations are expected to remain well-behaved in the medium term, we should continue to forcefully pursue asset purchases at least until the national unemployment rate falls below 7.25 percent and then assess the situation.

I think of this number as a threshold, not as a trigger ' and the distinction is important. I think of a trigger as a set of conditions that necessarily imply a change in policy. A threshold, unlike a trigger, does not necessarily precipitate a change in policy."

Based on the current FOMC projections of the unemployment rate, this threshold would not be reached until some time in 2014. I don't expect QE thresholds to be announced this week, but this might happen later this year.

Does this mark the top for bond prices?

Fun on a Sunday with a hat tip to reader Jeff for suggesting this post.

Last year I posted a photo of the early construction phase of the PIMCO Taj Mahal. Now they are working on the interior of the building (building on the left).

The question is: Does completion of the PIMCO building mark the top for bond prices?

Earlier:
' Summary for Week Ending Jan 25th
' Schedule for Week of Jan 27th
' Thresholds for QE
' Me, Me, Me

Summary for Week ending January 25th

This was a light week for economic data.

The housing data - new and existing home sales - appeared a little weak in December, but the underlying details were solid.  For some some commentary on the reports see: Existing Home Sales: Another Solid Report and New Home Sales and Distressing Gap. The housing recovery is ongoing.

Other positive data included a sharp drop in the 4-week average of initial weekly unemployment claims, further expansion in the Architecture Billings Index, and an increase in the ATA trucking index.

On the negative side, both the Richomd and Kansas City Fed manufacturing indexes indicated contraction in January. However, the Markit Flash PMI (for manufacturing was fairly strong).

The NMHC quarterly apartment survey indicated some loosening in the apartment market suggesting the decline in the vacancy rate might slow or even stop (just one quarter of survey results though). This will be something to watch carefully (last graph below).

Next week will be very busy!

And here is a summary of last week in graphs:

' New Home Sales at 369,000 SAAR in December

Click on graph for larger image in graph gallery.

The Census Bureau reports New Home Sales in December were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) of 369 thousand. This was down from a revised 398 thousand SAAR in November (revised up from 377 thousand). Sales for September and October were revised up too.

The first graph shows New Home Sales vs. recessions since 1963. The dashed line is the current sales rate.

Annual 2012 sales were up almost 20% compared to 2011:

"An estimated 367,000 new homes were sold in 2012. This is 19.9 percent above the 2011 figure of 306,000."

The second graph shows New Home Months of Supply.

The months of supply increased in December to 4.9 months from 4.5 months in November.

The all time record was 12.1 months of supply in January 2009.

This is now in the normal range (less than 6 months supply is normal).

"The seasonally adjusted estimate of new houses for sale at the end of December was 151,000. This represents a supply of 4.9 months at the current sales rate."

On inventory, according to the Census Bureau:

"A house is considered for sale when a permit to build has been issued in permit-issuing places or work has begun on the footings or foundation in nonpermit areas and a sales contract has not been signed nor a deposit accepted."

Starting in 1973 the Census Bureau broke this down into three categories: Not Started, Under Construction, and Completed.

This graph shows the three categories of inventory starting in 1973.

The inventory of completed homes for sale was just above the record low in December. The combined total of completed and under construction is also just above the record low since "under construction" is starting to increase.

This was below expectations of 388,000 sales in December, but with the strong upward revision to November sales (and smaller upward revisions to September and October) this was another solid report.

Schedule for Week of Jan 27th

Earlier:
' Summary for Week Ending Jan 25th

This will be a very busy week for economic data.  The key reports are the Q4 advance GDP report to be released on Wednesday, and the January employment report on Friday.

Other key reports include Case-Shiller house prices for November on Tuesday, the ISM manufacturing index on Friday, and auto sales on Friday.

There is an FOMC meeting on Tuesday and Wednesday, with an announcement scheduled for Wednesday at 2:15 PM ET. No significant changes are expected.

Unofficial Problem Bank list declines to 825 Institutions

As anticipated, the FDIC released its enforcement actions through December 2012, which led to several changes to the Unofficial Problem Bank List. For the week, there were six removals and five additions leaving the list at 825 institutions with assets of $308.9 billion. A year ago, the list held 958 institutions with assets of $389.0 billion. For the month, the list was down by 13 and $4.1 billion in assets after two failures, four unassisted mergers, 15 action terminations, one voluntary liquidation, and nine additions.

First National Bank, Hays, KS ($79 million) found a merger partner to get off the list. The FDIC terminated actions against Farmers & Merchants Bank, Lakeland, GA ($597 million); Border State Bank, Greenbush, MN ($338 million); Stoneham Savings Bank, Stoneham, MA ($326 million); Paragon Bank, Wells, MN ($30 million); and Peoples State Bank of Madison Lake, Madison Lake, MN ($24 million).

The FDIC issued actions against Bank of Washington, Washington, MO ($853 million); Community First Bank, Inc., Walhalla, SC ($463 million Ticker: CFOK); Central Bank, Savannah, TN ($160 million); Mountain Valley Bank, Dunlap, TN ($99 million); and US Metro Bank, Garden Grove, CA ($88 million Ticker: USMT). Also, the FDIC issued a Prompt Corrective Action order against First South Bank, Spartanburg, SC ($336 million Ticker: FSBS).

Next week should be a quiet one for the changes to the list.

Hotels: RevPAR increases 12% compared to same week in 2012

From HotelNewsNow.com: STR: US results for week ending 19 January

In year-over-year comparisons, occupancy was up 6.1 percent to 54.5 percent, average daily rate rose 5.6 percent to US$105.73 and revenue per available room increased 12.1 percent to US$57.57.

The 4-week average of the occupancy rate is back to normal levels.

Note: ADR: Average Daily Rate, RevPAR: Revenue per Available Room.

The following graph shows the seasonal pattern for the hotel occupancy rate using the four week average.

Click on graph for larger image.

The red line is for 2013, yellow is for 2012, blue is "normal" and black is for 2009 - the worst year since the Great Depression for hotels.

The occupancy rate will continue to increase over the next few months as business travel picks up in the Spring. This is a key period for the hotel industry and the occupancy rate was still weak early in 2012 (the Summer and Fall occupancy rate was close to normal in 2012).

Data Source: Smith Travel Research, Courtesy of HotelNewsNow.com

WSJ: "Six Housing Forecasters Who Got Things Right in 2012"

From Nick Timiraos at the WSJ: Six Housing Forecasters Who Got Things Right in 2012

A few analysts, of course, did offer housing forecasts at the beginning of the past year that turned out to be largely correct. What's more: some of these analysts had also accurately forecast the housing sector's slowdown as the market neared its peak in 2005 and 2006.

Here are the six forecasters.

On Tom Lawler:

Last year, he began writing about how Phoenix had hit a 'bottom' in real estate, a prediction that became the genesis of this Page One story in the Journal last year. Nationally, Mr. Lawler called for gains of nearly 20% in new home sales to an annual rate of 365,000 [the Census Bureau reported 367,000 this morning] and gains of around 24% in total housing starts (preliminary estimates show they were up around 28%).

Thanks to Nick - I appreciate the mention!  (others mentioned include Ivy Zelman, Glenn Kelman, Joseph LaVorgna and John R. Talbott).

Zillow forecasts Case-Shiller House Price index to increase 5.3% Year-over-year for November

by Bill McBride on 1/25/2013 09:20:00 PM

Friday: New Home Sales

First, from Michelle Meyer at Merrill Lynch: Tale of the missing homes

One of the key developments for the housing market in 2012 was a significant decline in inventory. The number of existing homes on the market for sale plunged 22% from the end of 2011, reaching the lowest level since January 2001. At the current sales pace, it now only takes 4.4 months to clear the stock of homes for sale. This is the slowest pace since the heart of the housing bubble in mid-2005. The reduction in supply has underpinned home prices and created a need for construction yet again.

The decline in supply can be explained by a few factors. Most significantly, the sharp decline in homebuilding translated to minimal growth in the housing stock. From 2009 to 2011, housing starts only slightly exceeded the pace of demolitions. The sluggish pace of new construction, of course, has a more direct impact on new inventory than it does on existing supply. Nonetheless, over time, it means fewer homes available for sale and hence slower turnover.

The latter ' the decline in turnover ' is the main reason for lean inventory of existing properties. This is a function of 1) falling home prices, which discouraged sellers; 2) tight credit, which reduced the number of move-up buyers; 3) negative equity that led to lock-in. As home prices increase and credit standards ease, some of this "pent-up" inventory will be unleashed. That said, if it is truly turnover ' which means selling a property to buy a different one ' it will also result in a gain in home sales. Months supply can therefore remain low.

Another source of inventory is from distressed properties ' both current and previous. There is still a large pipeline of mortgages in foreclosure or seriously delinquent that needs to be processed. We think this will be gradual given the delays from states with a judicial foreclosure process. We can also see inventory from previously delinquent mortgages that had been purchased by investors. Many institutional investors bought distressed properties in bulk with the intention of renting them for a few years until prices appreciated. As prices rise, investors will look to take capital gains.

We advise some caution when interpreting the inventory data as there are big seasonal swings. Inventory typically falls at the end of the year and picks up again in Q1 in anticipation of the spring selling season. Extracting the seasonal factors from inventory shows that the biggest adjustments occur in December, when inventory is low, and August when inventory is high. We therefore expect a gain in inventory over Q1. This may very well be matched with a modest gain in sales in the spring, therefore making it a temporary rise in inventory.

CR note: Watching inventory - while not much more exciting than watching grass grow - will be key this year. My guess is inventory has bottomed, but even if there are further declines, the year-over-year declines will be much less in 2013 than in 2012.

Friday economic releases:
' At 10:00 AM ET, New Home Sales for December from the Census Bureau. The consensus is for an increase in sales to 388 thousand Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate (SAAR) in December. This will put annual sales at around 367,000, an increase of around 20% from 2011.

DOT: Vehicle Miles Driven increased 0.8% in November

The Department of Transportation (DOT) reported:

Travel on all roads and streets changed by +0.8% (1.9 billion vehicle miles) for November 2012 as compared with November 2011. Travel for the month is estimated to be 238.8 billion vehicle miles.

Cumulative Travel for 2012 changed by +0.6% (16.7 billion vehicle miles). The Cumulative estimate for the year is 2,702.9 billion vehicle miles of travel.

The following graph shows the rolling 12 month total vehicle miles driven.

Traffic in the Northeast was down 0.9%, but there were gains in every other region. The rolling 12 month total is still moving sideways.

Click on graph for larger image.

In the early '80s, miles driven (rolling 12 months) stayed below the previous peak for 39 months.

Currently miles driven has been below the previous peak for 60 months - 5 years - and still counting.

The second graph shows the year-over-year change from the same month in the previous year.

Gasoline prices were up in November compared to November 2011. In November 2012, gasoline averaged of $3.52 per gallon according to the EIA. Last year, prices in November averaged $3.44 per gallon. 

However, as I've mentioned before, gasoline prices are just part of the story. The lack of growth in miles driven over the last 5 years is probably also due to the lingering effects of the great recession (high unemployment rate and lack of wage growth), the aging of the overall population (over 55 drivers drive fewer miles) and changing driving habits of young drivers.

With all these factors, it might take several more years before we see a new peak in miles driven.

U.K. Economy Shrinks Again

From the WSJ: U.K. Economy Shrinks

The U.K. economy shrank in the final quarter of 2012, leaving Britain at risk of entering its third recession since 2008.

In its preliminary estimate, the Office for National Statistics said gross domestic product contracted 0.3% between October and December compared with the third quarter. On an annual basis economic output was flat.

"At the moment it remains too early to tell if the economy will triple-dip, but today's numbers have greatly increased the risk of a new recession and a downgrading of the U.K.'s triple-A credit rating," said Chris Williamson, chief economist at data providers Markit.

A triple dip?

However it appears employment is doing better than GDP in the U.K., from Izabella Kaminska at FT Alphaville: Mismeasuring UK GDP

Thursday: Unemployment Claims

From Alejandro Lazo and Andrew Khouri at the LA Times: Number of homes entering foreclosure drops 22.1% to six-year low

California's foreclosure crisis eased considerably during the final quarter of last year, with the number of homes entering foreclosure dropping to a six-year low.

The real estate research firm DataQuick reported a 22.1% decline in default notices during the final three months of 2012 compared with the previous quarter ' and a 37.9% drop from a year earlier. A total of 38,212 default notices were logged on California houses and condominiums last quarter, the lowest number since the final quarter of 2006. A default notice is the first formal step in the state's foreclosure process.

Here is the DataQuick release: California: Foreclosure Starts Lowest Since 2006

Note: California is a non-judicial foreclosure state, and the non-judicial states are recovering quicker than many judicial states (the courts take time).

Thursday economic releases:
' At 8:30 AM ET, The initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released. The consensus is for claims to increase to 360 thousand from 335 thousand last week.

' At 9:00 AM, The Markit US PMI Manufacturing Index Flash. This release might provide hints about the ISM PMI for January. This consensus is for a decrease to 54.0 from 54.2 in December. All of the regional surveys have been week so far, so this may decline more than the consensus.

' At 10:00 AM, the Conference Board Leading Indicators for December. The consensus is for a 0.4% increase in this index.

' At 11:00 AM, the Kansas City Fed regional Manufacturing Survey for January will be released. The consensus is for a reading of 2, up from -2 in December (below zero is contraction).

Lawler: Table of Short Sales and Foreclosures for Selected Cities in December

Economist Tom Lawler sent me the table below of short sales and foreclosures for several selected cities in December. This shows distressed sales are down just about everywhere, and there are more short sales than foreclosures in most areas (Minneapolis and Colorado are exceptions.

Look at the right two columns in the table below (Total "Distressed" Share for Dec 2012 compared to Dec 2011). In every area that reports distressed sales, the share of distressed sales is down year-over-year - and down significantly in most areas. 

Also there has been a decline in foreclosure sales just about everywhere. Look at the middle two columns comparing foreclosure sales for Dec 2012 to Dec 2011. Foreclosure sales have declined in all these areas, and some of the declines have been stunning (the Nevada sales were impacted by a new foreclosure law).  There will probably be an increase in foreclosure sales in some judicial states in 2013, but overall foreclosures will probably be down this year.

Also there has been a shift from foreclosures to short sales. In most areas, short sales now far out number foreclosures.

As a follow-up to the previous post, imagine that the number of total existing home sales doesn't change over the next year - some people would argue that is "bad" news and the housing market isn't recovering. But also imagine that the share of distressed sales declines 20%, and conventional sales increase to make up the difference. That would be a positive sign - and that is what appears to be happening.

Comments from Tom Lawler: Below is an updated 'distressed sales' share report for December (or, for Colorado and Columbus, Ohio, Q4).  Data are based on releases by realtor associations/MLS, save for California and Memphis, which are based on property records (and for California, Dataquick's estimates for short sales).

Weekly Initial Unemployment Claims decline to 330,000

The DOL reports:

In the week ending January 19, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 330,000, a decrease of 5,000 from the previous week's unrevised figure of 335,000. The 4-week moving average was 351,750, a decrease of 8,250 from the previous week's revised average of 360,000.

The previous week was unrevised.

The following graph shows the 4-week moving average of weekly claims since January 2000.

Click on graph for larger image.

The dashed line on the graph is the current 4-week average. The four-week average of weekly unemployment claims decreased to 351,750.

This is the lowest level for the 4-week average since early 2008. Note: Data for January has large seasonal adjustments - and can be very volatile, but this is still good news.

Weekly claims were below the 360,000 consensus forecast.

Suspending the Debt Ceiling

Earlier on Existing Home Sales:
' Existing Home Sales: Another Solid Report
' Existing Home Sales in December: 4.94 million SAAR, 4.4 months of supply
' Existing Home Sales graphs

And on apartments: NMHC Apartment Survey: Market Conditions Loosen Slightly

From CNBC: GOP Moves to Suspend Debt Ceiling Until May

House Speaker John Boehner indicated Tuesday that Republicans will vote on an extension of the federal debt ceiling to allow Treasury to borrow money until mid-May. ...

... the next moment of high political and market drama will occur when the so-called "sequester" or automatic across the board spending cuts, kicks in on March 1.

After the "sequester" comes the "continuing resolution" on March 27th. Note: Congress decided last September to extend spending authority for six months with a "continuing resolution".

I expect something will be worked out on the sequester, but there is a strong possibility the 'continuing resolution" will lead to a government shutdown. A government shutdown would be disruptive, but probably not catastrophic since most of the government expenditures would continue.

Of course I think they should suspend the debt ceiling permanently (the debt ceiling is about paying the bills). From Ezra Klein: Suspending the debt ceiling is a great idea. Let's do it forever!

Wednesday economic releases:
' At 7:00 AM ET, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

' 8:45 AM, LPS will released their "First Look" report on December mortgage performance

' At 10:00 AM, FHFA House Price Index for November 2012. This was original a GSE only repeat sales, however there is also an expanded index that deserves more attention. The consensus is for a 0.7% increase in house prices.

' During the day: The AIA's Architecture Billings Index for December (a leading indicator for commercial real estate).

ATA Trucking Index increases 2.8% in December

This is a minor indicator that I follow.

From ATA: ATA Truck Tonnage Index Jumped 2.8% in December

The American Trucking Associations' advanced seasonally adjusted (SA) For-Hire Truck Tonnage Index increased 2.8% in December after surging 3.9% in November. (The 3.9% gain in November was revised from a 3.7% increase ATA reported on December 18, 2012.) The back-to-back increases in November and December were by far the best of gains of 2012. As a result, the SA index equaled 121.6 (2000=100) in December versus 118.3 in November. Despite the solid monthly increase, compared with December 2011, the SA index was off 2.3%, the worst year-over-year result since November 2009. For all of 2012, tonnage was up 2.3%. In 2011, the index increased 5.8%.
...
'December was better than anticipated in light of the very difficult year-over-year comparison,' ATA Chief Economist Bob Costello said. In December 2011, the index surged 6.4% from the previous month. Costello anticipates more sluggishness in the index this year, especially early in the year, as the economy continues to face several headwinds.

'As paychecks shrink for all households due to higher taxes, I'm expecting a weak first quarter for tonnage and the broader economy' Costello said. 'Since trucks account for the vast majority of deliveries in the retail supply chain, any reduction in consumer spending will have ramifications on truck tonnage levels.'
emphasis added

Note from ATA:

Trucking serves as a barometer of the U.S. economy, representing 67% of tonnage carried by all modes of domestic freight transportation, including manufactured and retail goods. Trucks hauled 9.2 billion tons of freight in 2011. Motor carriers collected $603.9 billion, or 80.9% of total revenue earned by all transport modes.

Click on graph for larger image.

Here is a long term graph that shows ATA's For-Hire Truck Tonnage index.

The dashed line is the current level of the index.

Overall the index has been mostly moving sideways this year due to the slowdown in manufacturing. The spike down in October was related to Hurricane Sandy.

LPS: Mortgage delinquencies increased slightly in December, "In Foreclosure" Declines

LPS released their First Look report for December today. LPS reported that the percent of loans delinquent increased in December compared to November, and declined about 9% year-over-year. Also the percent of loans in the foreclosure process declined further in December and were down significantly in 2012.

LPS reported the U.S. mortgage delinquency rate (loans 30 or more days past due, but not in foreclosure) increased to 7.17% from 7.12% in November. Note: the normal rate for delinquencies is around 4.5% to 5%.

 The percent of loans in the foreclosure process declined to 3.44% in December from 3.51% in November. 

The number of delinquent properties, but not in foreclosure, is down about 11% year-over-year (465,000 fewer properties delinquent), and the number of properties in the foreclosure process is down 20% or 434,000 properties year-over-year.

The percent (and number) of loans 90+ days delinquent and in the foreclosure process is still very high, but the number of loans in the foreclosure process is now declining.

LPS will release the complete mortgage monitor for December in early February.

Existing Home Inventory up 2% in mid-January

One of key questions for 2013 is Will Housing inventory bottom in this year?.

If inventory does bottom, we probably will not know for sure until late in the year. In normal times, there is a clear seasonal pattern for inventory, with the low point for inventory in late December or early January, and then peaking in mid-to-late summer.

The NAR data is monthly and released with a lag.  However Ben at Housing Tracker (Department of Numbers) kindly sent me some weekly inventory data for the last several years. This is displayed on the graph below as a percentage change from the first week of the year.

In 2010 (blue), inventory followed the normal seasonal pattern, however in 2011 and 2012, there was only a small increase in inventory early in the year, followed by a sharp decline for the rest of the year.

So far - and this is very early - it appears inventory is increasing at a more normal rate.

Click on graph for larger image.

Note: the data is a little weird for early 2011 (spikes down briefly).

The key will be to see how much inventory increasses over the next few months. In 2010, inventory was up 8% by early March, and up 15% by the end of March.

For 2011 and 2012, inventory only increased about 5% at the peak.

So far in 2013, inventory is up 2%, and the next several weeks will be very interesting for inventory!

Tuesday: Existing Home Sales

The Asian markets are mixed tonight with the Nikkei index up 0.3% and the Shanghai Composite index down slightly.

From CNBC: Pre-Market Data and Bloomberg futures: the S&P and DOW futures are up slightly (fair value).

Oil prices have moved up recently with WTI futures at $95.41 per barrel and Brent at 111.88 per barrel. Gasoline prices are moving sideways.

Tuesday economic releases:
' At 8:30 AM ET, Chicago Fed National Activity Index for December. This is a composite index of other data.

' At 10:00 AM, Existing Home Sales for December from the National Association of Realtors (NAR). The consensus is for sales of 5.10 million on seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) basis. Economist Tom Lawler estimates the NAR will report sales at 4.97 million SAAR.

' Also at 10:00 AM, the Richmond Fed Survey of Manufacturing Activity for January. The consensus is for a a reading of 5 for this survey, unchanged from December (Above zero is expansion).

Chicago Fed "Economic Growth Moderated in December"

The Chicago Fed released the national activity index (a composite index of other indicators): Economic Growth Moderated in December

Led by declines in production-related indicators, the Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) decreased to +0.02 in December from +0.27 in November. Two of the four broad categories of indicators that make up the index decreased from November, and only two of the four categories made positive contributions to the index in December.

The index's three-month moving average, CFNAI-MA3, edged up from '0.13 in November to '0.11 in December'its tenth consecutive reading below zero. December's CFNAI-MA3 suggests that growth in national economic activity was below its historical trend. The economic growth reflected in this level of the CFNAI-MA3 suggests subdued inflationary pressure from economic activity over the coming year.

This graph shows the Chicago Fed National Activity Index (three month moving average) since 1967.

Click on graph for larger image.

This suggests economic activity "moderated" in December, and growth was slightly below trend (using the three-month average).

According to the Chicago Fed:

What is the National Activity Index? The index is a weighted average of 85 indicators of national economic activity drawn from four broad categories of data: 1) production and income; 2) employment, unemployment, and hours; 3) personal consumption and housing; and 4) sales, orders, and inventories.

A zero value for the index indicates that the national economy is expanding at its historical trend rate of growth; negative values indicate below-average growth; and positive values indicate above-average growth.

LA area Port Traffic: Little impact from strike in December

Note: Clerical workers at the ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles went on strike starting Nov 27th and ending Dec 5th. The strike impacted port traffic for November and early December, but traffic bounced back quickly following the strike.

I've been following port traffic for some time. Container traffic gives us an idea about the volume of goods being exported and imported - and possibly some hints about the trade report for December. LA area ports handle about 40% of the nation's container port traffic. Some of the LA traffic was routed to other ports in early December, so this data might not be as useful this month.

The following graphs are for inbound and outbound traffic at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in TEUs (TEUs: 20-foot equivalent units or 20-foot-long cargo container).

To remove the strong seasonal component for inbound traffic, the first graph shows the rolling 12 month average.

Click on graph for larger image.

On a rolling 12 month basis, inbound traffic was up slightly and outbound traffic down slightly compared to the rolling 12 months ending in November.

In general, inbound and outbound traffic has been mostly moving sideways recently.

The 2nd graph is the monthly data (with a strong seasonal pattern for imports).

Usually imports peak in the July to October period as retailers import goods for the Christmas holiday, and then decline sharply and bottom in February or March.

For the month of December, loaded outbound traffic was down 2% compared to December 2011, and loaded inbound traffic was down 5% compared to December 2011.

Maybe outbound traffic was impacted more by the strike than inbound, but it appears the strike had little impact on overall traffic in December.

Predicting the Next Recession

A few thoughts on the "next recession" ... Forecasters generally have a terrible record at predicting recessions. There are many reasons for this poor performance. In 1987, economist Victor Zarnowitz wrote in "The Record and Improvability of Economic Forecasting" that there was too much reliance on trends, and he also noted that predictive failure was also due to forecasters' incentives. Zarnowitz wrote: "predicting a general downturn is always unpopular and predicting it prematurely'ahead of others'may prove quite costly to the forecaster and his customers".

Incentives motivate Wall Street economic forecasters to always be optimistic about the future (just like stock analysts). Of course, for the media and bloggers, there is an incentive to always be bearish, because bad news drives traffic (hence the prevalence of yellow journalism).

In addition to paying attention to incentives, we also have to be careful not to rely "heavily on the persistence of trends". One of the reasons I focus on residential investment (especially housing starts and new home sales) is residential investment is very cyclical and is frequently the best leading indicator for the economy. UCLA's Ed Leamer went so far as to argue that: "Housing IS the Business Cycle". Usually residential investment leads the economy both into and out of recessions. The most recent recovery was an exception, but it was fairly easy to predict a sluggish recovery without a contribution from housing.

Since I started this blog in January 2005, I've been pretty lucky on calling the business cycle.  I argued no recession in 2005 and 2006, then at the beginning of 2007 I predicted a recession would start that year (made it by one month with the Great Recession starting in December 2007).  And in 2009, I argued the economy had bottomed and we'd see sluggish growth.

Finally, over the last 18 months, a number of forecasters (mostly online) have argued a recession was imminent.  I responded that I wasn't even on "recession watch", primarily because I thought residential investment was bottoming. 

Now one of my blogging goals is to see if I can get lucky again and call the next recession correctly.  Right now I'm pretty optimistic (see: The Future's so Bright ...) and I expect a pickup in growth over the next few years (2013 will be sluggish with all the austerity).

The next recession will probably be caused by one of the following (from least likely to most likely):

3) An exogenous event such as a pandemic, significant military conflict, disruption of energy supplies for any reason, a major natural disaster (meteor strike, super volcano, etc), and a number of other low probability reasons. All of these events are possible, but they are unpredictable, and the probabilities are low that they will happen in the next few years or even decades.

2) Significant policy error. This might involve premature or too rapid fiscal or monetary tightening (like the US in 1937 or eurozone in 2012).  Two examples: not reaching a fiscal agreement and going off the "fiscal cliff" probably would have led to a recession, and Congress refusing to "pay the bills" would have been a policy error that would have taken the economy into recession.  Both are off the table now, but there remains some risk of future policy errors. 

Note: Usually the optimal path for reducing the deficit means avoiding a recession since a recession pushes up the deficit as revenues decline and automatic spending (unemployment insurance, etc) increases.  So usually one of the goals for fiscal policymakers is to avoid taking the economy into recession. Too much austerity too quickly is self defeating.

1) Most of the post-WWII recessions were caused by the Fed tightening monetary policy to slow inflation. I think this is the most likely cause of the next recession. Usually, when inflation starts to become a concern, the Fed tries to engineer a "soft landing", and frequently the result is a recession. Since inflation is not an immediate concern, the Fed will probably stay accommodative for a few more years.

So right now I expect further growth for the next few years (all the austerity in 2013 concerns me, especially over the next couple of quarters as people adjust to higher payroll taxes, but I think we will avoid contraction). I think the most likely cause of the next recession will be Fed tightening to combat inflation sometime in the future - and residential investment (housing starts, new home sales) will probably turn down well in advance of the recession. In other words, I expect the next recession to be a more normal economic downturn - and I don't expect a recession for a few years.

Flashback to 2007: Tanta on "Sound bankers"

Note: Tanta wrote the following post on May 8, 2007. Ownit had filed for bankruptcy a few months earlier, Countrywide was purchased by BofA in 2008, and Bear Stearns collapsed in March 2008 - both after Tanta wrote this post.

From Doris "Tanta" Dungey, May 2007:

CR used to like to quote this one every now and again, back in the days when this blog was just a little back-water hand-wringer in a sea of housing and mortgage bulls:

"A sound banker, alas, is not one who foresees danger and avoids it, but one who, when he is ruined, is ruined in a conventional way along with his fellows, so that no one can really blame him."

John Maynard Keynes, "Consequences to the Banks of a Collapse in Money Values", 1931

It's amazing how ever-fresh this particular avoidance of blame is. There's the CEO of Countrywide:

"I've been doing this for 54 years," Mozilo recently said during a speech in Beverly Hills, California. For many years, he said, "standards never changed: verification of employment, verification of deposit, credit report."

But then new players came in with aggressive lending policies. Names like Ameriquest, New Century, NovaStar Financial and Ownit Mortgage Solutions set a new, lowered standard, changing the rules of the game, Mozilo said.

"Traditional lenders such as ourselves looked around and said, 'Well, maybe there's a (new) paradigm here. Maybe we've just been wrong. Maybe you can originate these loans safely without verifications, without documentation,"' Mozilo said.

There's Tom Marano of Bear Stearns:

But Tom Marano, who heads the mortgage business at Bear Stearns, disputed the contention that Wall Street pressure led to the loosening of credit standards. Investment banks, he said, do not directly make many loans.

'If enough independent companies set standards, that becomes the market,' he said. 'Wall Street's role is largely one where we assess risk, we purchase loans.'

And there is our famous Bill Dallas of Ownit Mortgage:

Bill Dallas, chief executive of Ownit, the nation's 20th-largest subprime lender in 2006, said he saw the handwriting on the wall in April 2005 after he overheard a rival account executive tell a customer how to get a better rate by committing occupancy or income fraud.

"I just went, 'We are hosed as an industry,"' Dallas said. "I told our guys, 'We're the problem."

The structure of the industry was part of the problem, he said: "Our account reps are talking to the mortgage broker, the mortgage broker is talking to the borrower, and they're teaching them all the wrong things."

Sound bankers, to a man.

Summary for Week ending January 18th

Most of the data released last week was encouraging. Housing starts were up 28% annually in 2012 - a strong increase, and starts are still very low - and that suggests further increases for starts over the next few years and is good news for the economy. Note: There is a strong seasonal adjustment for housing starts in December (typically a slow month), so I'd use the monthly sales rate with caution - but the annual increase was solid.

There were other positive reports: retail sales in December were stronger than expected, industrial production increased, and weekly unemployment claims fell sharply (although there are strong seasonal adjustments in January).  Still, the 4-week average of initial weekly unemployment claims is near the post-recession low.

On the negative side, both the NY Fed (Empire State) and Philly Fed manufacturing indexes indicated contraction in January.  Even though housing is picking up, manufacturing remains weak.  Another negative was consumer sentiment - probably being impacted by Congress (maybe by the payroll tax increase too) - but it now appears that Congress will pay the bills, so sentiment will probably improve.

It appears that economic growth is picking up, although the fiscal agreement will mean a drag of 1.5 to 2.0 percentage points on GDP growth in 2013 - so we should expect another year of sluggish growth.

Finally, I heard one analyst on CNBC ask why the Fed is staying so accommodative even with a pickup in growth.  The answer is simple: the unemployment rate is 7.8% (very high), and inflation is below the Fed's target (see graph below). 

And here is a summary of last week in graphs:

' Housing Starts increase sharply to 954 thousand SAAR in December

Click on graph for larger image.

Total housing starts were at 954 thousand (SAAR) in December, up 12.1% from the revised November rate of 851 thousand (SAAR). This was well above expectations of 887 thousand starts in December.

Housing starts increased 28.1% in 2012 and even after the sharp increase, the 780 thousand housing starts last year were the fourth lowest on an annual basis since the Census Bureau started tracking starts in 1959 (the three lowest years were 2009 through 2011).   This was also the fourth lowest year for single family starts since 1959.

Starts averaged 1.5 million per year from 1959 through 2000.  Demographics and household formation suggests starts will return to close to that level over the next few years. That means starts will come close to doubling from the 2012 annual level.

Since residential investment and housing starts are usually the best leading indicator for economy, this suggests the economy will continue to grow over the next couple of years.

Unofficial Problem Bank list declines to 826 Institutions

With the FDIC having a closing for the second consecutive week and the OCC releasing its actions through mid-December 2012, it was a busy week for the Unofficial Problem Bank List. In all, there were 10 removals and four additions, which leave the list holding 826 institutions with assets of $308.7 billion. A year ago the list held 963 institutions with assets of $389.2 billion.

First Federal Bank Texas, Tyler, TX ($192 million Ticker: FFBT) merged on an unassisted basis and Evergreen International Bank, Long Beach, CA ($28 million) closed via a voluntary liquidation. The involuntary liquidation or FDIC closing was 1st Regents Bank, Andover, MN ($50 million).

Actions were terminated against Southwest Securities, FSB, Dallas, TX ($1.3 billion Ticker: SWS); Bank of Blue Valley, Overland Park, KS ($662 million Ticker: BVBC); Mountain West Bank, National Association, Helena, MT ($633 million Ticker: MTWF); First Federal Bank, Harrison, AR ($544 million Ticker: FFBH); Tulsa National Bank, Tulsa, OK ($165 million); and RiverWood Bank, Baxter, MN ($157 million). Also, Triumph Savings Bank, SSB, Dallas, TX ($286 million) was removed based on media report provided by a reader. However, the FDIC has not recognized the action termination by press release or in its enforcement action database.

The following four banks joined the list this week -- Citizens Financial Bank, Munster, IN ($1.1 billion Ticker: CITZ); Fieldpoint Private Bank & Trust, Greenwich, CT ($682 million); Delanco Federal Savings Bank, Delanco, NJ ($133 million); and Ben Franklin Bank of Illinois, Arlington Heights, IL ($100 million Ticker: BFFI).

Next week, we anticipate the FDIC will release its actions for December 2012.

"Financial Collapse: A 10-Step Recovery Plan"

Alan Blinder lists 10 financial commandments to remember - and starts by reminding us that "people do learn. The problem is that they forget ' sometimes amazingly quickly."

The old Wall Street saying is "there is no institutional memory". Each new generation of Wall Street wizards figures out a new way to turn lead into gold, and to become wealthy while damaging the financial system.   Some of these wizards are probably perfecting their financial alchemy right now.

Maybe next time people will remember Blinder's 10 step plan, but I doubt it: Financial Collapse: A 10-Step Recovery Plan

1. Remember That People Forget
...
2. Do Not Rely on Self-Regulation
...
3. Honor Thy Shareholders
...
4. Elevate Risk Management
...
5. Use Less Leverage
...
6. Keep It Simple, Stupid
...
7. Standardize Derivatives and Trade Them on Exchanges
...
8. Keep Things on the Balance Sheet
...
9. Fix Perverse Compensation
...
10. Watch Out for Consumers

Blinder concludes:

Mark Twain is said to have quipped that while history doesn't repeat itself, it does rhyme. There will be financial crises in the future, and the next one won't be a carbon copy of the last. Neither, however, will it be so different that these commandments won't apply. Financial history does rhyme, but we're already forgetting the meter.

All of these items are important, but I think the key is to watch for excessive speculation using leverage. One thing is certain, there will be another bubble ...

Earlier:
' Schedule for Week of Jan 20th
' Summary for Week Ending Jan 18th

Bank Failure #2 in 2013: 1st Regents Bank, Andover, Minnesota

by Bill McBride on 1/18/2013 09:20:00 PM

Lawler: Early Look At Existing Home Sales in December

From economist Tom Lawler:

Based on reports from various realtor associations/MLS across the country, I expect that existing home sales in December as measured by the National Association of Realtors will come in at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 4.97 million in December, down 1.4% from November's pace (which I think should be revised upward a bit), but up 13.5% from last December's seasonally adjusted pace. Folks who track unadjusted data from local realtor reports but don't take into account 'calendar' effects would probably expect a lower number; after all, most (though not all) local realtor reports showed substantially lower YOY growth in December compared to November, and the number of local areas showing YOY sales declines was up in December compared to November. Indeed, national existing homes sales on an unadjusted basis, which showed YOY growth of 15.5% in November, are likely to show a YOY growth rate of less than half that amount in December. However, not only was there one fewer 'business' day this December compared to last December, but both Christmas and New Years (this year) came on a Tuesday --- reducing the 'effective' number of business days even further. As a result, this December's seasonal factor will 'gross up' the unadjusted sales figures by more than last Decembers.

On the inventory front, both local realtor reports and entities that track local real estate listings showed that in most (though not all) areas of the country the number of homes listed for sale at the end of December was down sharply from the end of the November ' which is typical for most (though not quite all) parts of the country. Based on looking at various sources of data, my 'best guess' is that the NAR's estimate of the inventory of existing homes for sale at the end of December will be 1.87 million, down 7.9% from November and down 19.4% from last December.

Finally, local realtor/MLS data suggest that the NAR's estimate of the median existing SF home sales price in December will show another double-digit YOY increase, probably of around 11.0%. This gain does not, of course, reflect the increase in 'typical' home prices, but does reflect in part the sharply lower foreclosure sales share of home resales this December compared to last December.

CR Note: The NAR will report December existing home sales on Tuesday, Jan 22nd. The consensus is the NAR will report sales of 5.10 million.

Based on Lawler's estimates, the NAR will report inventory around 1.87 million units for December, and months-of-supply around 4.5 months (down from 4.8 months in November). This would be the lowest level of inventory in over 10 years, and the lowest months-of-supply since early 2005.

Schedule for Week of Jan 20th

Note: I'll post a summary for last week soon.

There are two key December housing reports that will be released this week, Existing home sales on Tuesday, and New Home sales on Friday.

For manufacturing, the January Richmond Fed and Kansas City Fed surveys will be released this week.

Friday: Consumer Sentiment, State Employment

First from Merrill Lynch on more mortgage credit: "Housing heats up"

[W]e believe recent developments on mortgage policy and mortgage servicing could lead to loosening of credit, providing further upside momentum for prices. We highlight three important steps forward the mortgage market has made.

One major development was the announcement of the final definition of a Qualified Mortgage (QM) by the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau (CFPB). The rule focuses on a borrower's ability to repay, setting a 43% back-end debt-toincome ratio (DTI) as a clear upper boundary. By adhering to this guideline and avoiding risky loan features (such as IO, neg am, balloons, etc.) for prime quality borrowers, lenders can claim a 'safe harbor' from future litigation from borrowers. ...
...
[R]elease of the QM definition is an important step forward that should enable lenders to increase their willingness to make residential mortgage loans.

Additionally, ten mortgage servicing companies ... reached an agreement in principle with regulators ... As a result of this agreement, the participating servicers would cease the Independent Foreclosure Review, which involved case-by-case reviews, and replace it with a broader framework allowing eligible borrowers to receive compensation significantly more quickly. We believe the end of this Review process should free up and create aggregate servicing capacity that could be used for other activities such as moving distressed loans through the pipeline more quickly and processing refinancing applications, suggesting higher voluntary and possibly involuntary prepayments in the future.

Furthermore, Fannie Mae announced a comprehensive resolution with Bank of America ... The resolution included Fannie Mae's approval of Bank of America's request to transfer the servicing rights of approximately 941,000 loans to specialty servicers. Bank of America also announced that it signed definitive agreements with two different counterparties to sell the servicing rights on certain residential mortgage loans serviced for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, and private label securitizations, with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of approximately $306 billion. Our view is that these transfers effectively act as an injection of servicing capacity into the industry, which should allow for more refinancing activity, more loss mitigation activity and, ultimately, loosening of mortgage credit.

More credit availability is one reason Merrill Lynch increased their house price forecast for 2013 to 4.7% (up from 3.0%).

Friday economic releases:
' At 9:55 AM ET, Reuter's/University of Michigan's Consumer sentiment index (preliminary for January). The consensus is for a reading of 75.0, up from 72.9.

' At 10:00 AM, Regional and State Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) for November 2012

Some Comments on Housing Starts

A few key points:

' Housing starts increased 28.1% in 2012 (initial estimate). This is a solid year-over-year increase, and residential investment is now making a positive contribution to GDP growth.

' Even after increasing 28% in 2012, the 780 thousand housing starts this year were the fourth lowest on an annual basis since the Census Bureau started tracking starts in 1959 (the three lowest years were 2009 through 2011).   This was also the fourth lowest year for single family starts since 1959.

' Starts averaged 1.5 million per year from 1959 through 2000.  Demographics and household formation suggests starts will return to close to that level over the next few years. That means starts will come close to doubling from the 2012 level.

' Residential investment and housing starts are usually the best leading indicator for economy. Note: Housing is usually a better leading indicator for the US economy than manufacturing, see: Josh Lehner's The Handoff ' Manufacuturing to Housing. Nothing is foolproof as a leading indicator, but this suggests the economy will continue to grow over the next couple of years.

The following table shows annual starts (total and single family) since 2005:

Lawler: 2012 "Surprises" in Housing and 2013 Forecast

CR note: Economist Tom Lawler's forecasts for 2012 were very close (see: Lawler: Housing Forecast for 2012). Here is what Tom wrote on January 16, 2012:

'(T)here are pretty decent reasons to believe that 2012 will be a turnaround year for the housing sector, with (1) construction activity increasing; (2) overall vacancy rates falling, with especially low rental vacancy rates; (3) rents continuing to increase, and outpacing overall inflation; and (4) home prices hitting a bottom early in the year that is not much lower than the end of last year (2011).'

The following is from Tom Lawler: 2012 "Surprises" in Housing and 2013 Forecast

Here are a few observations on last year's housing market, including some of the bigger 'surprises.'

1. Home Prices: While it seemed reasonably to expect a modest YOY gain in home prices (as measured by repeat-transactions HPIs), it appears as if the 'actual' gain will come in well above the most optimistic of forecasters. 'Reasons' included but are not limited to (1) much larger than expected declines in inventories, (2) substantial increases in investor purchases of SF homes, and (3) continued actions by monetary policymakers to engage in fiscal policy by buying MBS to push mortgage rates lower and thus encourage credit flows into a specific sector of the economy (housing).

2. Inventories: While a continued reduction in homes listed for sale seemed exceedingly likely in 2012, the magnitude of the drop clearly exceeded 'consensus.' 'Reasons' included but were not limited to (1) strong investor buying of SF homes and turning them into rental properties; and 2) a slower than consensus pace of completed foreclosures which, combined with strong demand for REO properties, resulted in a sharp drop in the inventory of REO for sale;

3. Investor Buying of SF Homes as Rental Properties: While investor buying of SF homes as rental properties began increasing significantly several years ago, the entrance of and/or increased activity by 'big-money' institutional investors resulted in a substantial increase in such investor buying. Such activity was barely contemplated by 'consensus' forecasters.

3. Completed Foreclosures: In 2011 the 'robo-signing' scandal led to a significant slowdown in completed foreclosures in the latter part of that year. Many analysts had expected that once the infamous mortgage 'settlement' was signed (in March 2012) that banks/servicers would shortly thereafter accelerate completed foreclosures. That didn't happen; instead servicers spent much of 2012 focusing on compliance (including ending dual tracking); there was a resurgence in modification activity; and foreclosure timelines continued to increase (and in several states legislation was passed that effectively lengthened timelines in those states). As a result, 2012 was another low 'foreclosure resolution' year.

4: Rental Vacancy Rates and Rents: While the decline in rental vacancy rates and increase in rents last year was not as much of a surprise as the drop in homes listed for sale and the increase in home prices, the RVR fell by more, and rents increased by more, than 'consensus.'

5. Homeownership Rates: While there are no good, timely data on the US homeownership rate (the widely tracked HVS overstates the homeownership rate), available data combined with analysis of the systematic undercount of renters in CPS-based surveys, suggests that the US homeownership rate declined again in 2012 ' probably to around 63.7%, compared to the 65.2% on April 1, 2010 suggested by the decennial Census results. (HVS showed a first-half 2010 homeownership rate of 67.0%). Reasons included a shift by householders on the benefits vs. costs of homeownership; what appears to have been a rebound in household growth of 'younger' adults; tight mortgage underwriting; and an increase in householders with 'troubled' credit.

Looking into 2013, reduced inventory levels, firmer home prices and rental rates, and a likely acceleration in household growth suggest that housing production should increase again in 2013. Moreover, unlike in 2010 and 2011 (when inventories remained elevated), such an increase would be a welcome result.

My 'best guess' for housing production this year is as follows:

Report: Housing Inventory declines 17% year-over-year in December

From Realtor.com: December 2012 Real Estate Trend Data

The total U.S. for-sale inventory of single family homes, condos, townhomes and co-ops (SFH/CTHCOPS) in December dropped to its lowest point since Realtor.com has been collecting these data, with 1,565,425 units for sale, down 17.32% compared to a year ago and roughly half its peak of 3.1 million units in September 2007. The median age of the inventory also decreased 9.01% on a year-over-year basis.
...
On a year-over-year basis, the for-sale inventory declined in all but one of the 146 markets tracked by Realtor.com, while list prices increased in 66 markets, held steady in 31 markets and declined in 49 markets.

Note: Realtor.com only started tracking inventory in September 2007, but this is probably the lowest level in a decade.  On a month-over-month basis, inventory declined 6.5%. Some of the decline in December is seasonal because some sellers take their homes off the market for the holidays.

Going forward, I expect to see smaller year-over-year declines simply because inventory is already very low.

Tom Lawler sent me this note today:

"Realtor.com's monthly numbers reflect the daily average number of listings in a month, as opposed to most local realtor reports and the NAR's existing home inventory number, which are end-of-month estimates."

Click on graph for larger image.

"Here is a comparison of Realtor.com's for-sale inventory numbers and the NAR's existing home inventory estimate.

As noted above, the Realtor.com data reflect monthly average listings, while the NAR estimates are end-of-month listings. Given the 'normal' tendency for listings at the end of December to be well below the monthly average, the NAR December inventory number is likely to show a significantly larger monthly decline that the Realtor.com number."

The NAR is scheduled to report December existing home sales and inventory on Tuesday, January 22nd.

Thursday: Housing Starts, Unemployment Claims, Philly Fed Mfg Survey

James Hamilton quotes several economists (Republican and Democrat): Debt-ceiling economics and politics. Hamilton concludes:

The real purpose of the debt ceiling is political-- it gives the minority party an opportunity to grandstand as if they're somehow holding the line on the deficits that are the necessary mathematical result of previous spending and tax legislation. The political game is to force the majority party to push through the debt-ceiling increase and then try to embarrass them for their votes, relying on the stupidity of voters not to see the posturing for what it really is. But when different parties control the two houses of Congress, the only chumps in this game are the legislators who still try to play the same hand.

Thursday would be a good day to vote to pay the bills!  Sooner is better than later ...

Thursday economic releases:
' At 8:30 AM ET, the initial weekly unemployment claims report will be released. The consensus is for claims to decrease to 368 thousand from 371 thousand last week.

' Also at 8:30 AM, Housing Starts for December will be released. The consensus is for total housing starts to increase to 887 thousand (SAAR) in December, up from 861 thousand in November.

' At 10:00 AM, the Philly Fed Manufacturing Survey for January. The consensus is for a reading of 6.0, down from 8.1 last month (above zero indicates expansion).

Housing Starts increase sharply to 954 thousand SAAR in December

From the Census Bureau: Permits, Starts and Completions

Housing Starts:
Privately-owned housing starts in December were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 954,000. This is 12.1 percent above the revised November estimate of 851,000 and is 36.9 percent above the December 2011 rate of 697,000.

Single-family housing starts in December were at a rate of 616,000; this is 8.1 percent above the revised November figure of 570,000. The December rate for units in buildings with five units or more was 330,000.

An estimated 780,000 housing units were started in 2012. This is 28.1 percent above the 2011 figure of 608,800.

Building Permits:
Privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits in December were at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 903,000. This is 0.3 percent above the revised November rate of 900,000 and is 28.8 percent above the December 2011 estimate of 701,000.

Single-family authorizations in December were at a rate of 578,000; this is 1.8 percent above the revised November figure of 568,000. Authorizations of units in buildings with five units or more were at a rate of 301,000 in December.

Click on graph for larger image.

The first graph shows single and multi-family housing starts for the last several years.

Multi-family starts (red, 2+ units) increased sharply from November.

Single-family starts (blue) increased to 616,000 thousand in December.

The second graph shows total and single unit starts since 1968.

This shows the huge collapse following the housing bubble, and that total housing starts have been increasing lately after moving sideways for about two years and a half years.

Total housing starts were at 954 thousand (SAAR) in December, up 12.1% from the revised November rate of 851 thousand (SAAR).

Total starts has doubled from the bottom start rate, and single family starts are up about 75 percent from the low

This was well above expectations of 887 thousand starts in December. Starts in December were up 36.9% from December 2011, and starts are up 28.1% from the 2011 level. I'll have more soon ...

Sacramento December House Sales: Conventional Sales up 22% year-over-year

Note: I've been following the Sacramento market to look for changes in the mix of house sales in a distressed area over time (conventional, REOs, and short sales). The Sacramento Association of REALTORS® started breaking out REOs in May 2008, and short sales in June 2009.

Recently there has been a dramatic shift from REO to short sales, and the percentage of distressed sales has generally been declining (the percent distressed increased in December for seasonal reasons). This data would suggest some improvement in the Sacramento market.

Note on seasonal pattern: Conventional sales follow a seasonal pattern with more sales in the spring and summer than in the fall and winter. Distressed sales happen all year, so the percent of distressed sales typically increases in the winter.

In December 2012, 51.5% of all resales (single family homes and condos) were distressed sales. This was up from 47.6% last month, and down from 64.1% in December 2011. The is the lowest percentage of distressed sales for the month of December - and therefore the highest percentage of conventional sales - since the association started tracking the data.

The percentage of REOs stayed at 11.5%, the lowest since the Sacramento Realtors started tracking the data and the percentage of short sales increased to 40.0%, the highest percentage recorded.

Here are the statistics.

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the percent of REO sales, short sales and conventional sales.

There has been an increase in conventional sales this year, and there were almost four times as many short sales as REO sales in December (the highest recorded). The gap between short sales and REO sales is increasing.

Total sales were down from December2011, but conventional sales were up 22% compared to the same month last year. This is exactly what we expect to see in an improving distressed market - flat or even declining overall sales as distressed sales decline, but an increase in conventional sales.

Active Listing Inventory for single family homes declined 57.1% from last December.

Cash buyers accounted for 39.9% of all sales (frequently investors), and median prices were up sharply year-over-year (the mix has changed).

This seems to be moving in the right direction, although the market is still in distress. A "normal" market would be mostly blue on the graph, and this market is a long way from "normal".

We are seeing a similar pattern in other distressed areas, with a move to more conventional sales, and a shift from REO to short sales.

Wednesday: CPI, Industrial Production, Homebuilder Confidence, Beige Book

Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson was on CNBC today. Here was the Q&A on the debt ceiling:

Maria Bartiromo: "Do you believe the GOP should be using the debt ceiling as leverage point to get the President to agree to the cuts?"

Alan Simpson: "I think that would be a grave mistake. I don't think that would solve anything. I know they are going to try it, and how far you go with a game of chicken, I have no idea. But I can tell you ' you can't, you really can't ' This is stuff we've already indebted ourselves. If you're a real conservative ' a really honest conservative, without hypocrisy ' you'd want to pay your debt. And that's what this is, they are not running up anything new."

I disagree with Simpson on many issues, but I agree with this point. No honest conservative would vote against paying the bills.   So lets have a vote tomorrow.  Wednesday would be a good day to authorize paying the bills (aka raising the "debt ceiling") and put this nonsense behind us.

The real budget issues are the "sequester" and the "continuing resolution". See my earlier post: After the Debt Ceiling is increased ...  Make sure to check the graph of the deficit as a percent of GDP; it might surprise some people.

Wednesday economic releases:
' At 7:00 AM ET, The Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) will release the results for the mortgage purchase applications index.

' At 8:30 AM, Consumer Price Index for December. The consensus is for no change in CPI in December and for core CPI to increase 0.1%.

' At 9:15 AM, the Fed will release Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization for December. The consensus is for a 0.2% increase in Industrial Production in December, and for Capacity Utilization to increase to 78.5%.

' At 10:00 AM, The January NAHB homebuilder survey. The consensus is for a reading of 48, up from 47 in December. Although this index has been increasing sharply, any number below 50 still indicates that more builders view sales conditions as poor than good.

' At 2:00 PM, the Federal Reserve Beige Book will be released. This is an informal review by the Federal Reserve Banks of current economic conditions in their Districts.

BLS: CPI unchanged in December, Core CPI increases 0.1%

From the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): Consumer Price Index - December 2012

The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) was unchanged in December on a seasonally adjusted basis, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 1.7 percent before seasonal adjustment. The gasoline index declined again in December, but other indexes, notably food and shelter, increased, resulting in the seasonally adjusted all items index being unchanged.
...
The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1 percent in December, the same increase as in November. ... The index for all items less food and energy rose 1.9 percent over the last 12 months, the same figure as last month.

On a year-over-year basis, CPI is up 1.7 percent, and core CPI is up 1.9 percent.  Both below the Fed's target. This was at the consensus forecast of no change for CPI, and a 0.1% increase in core CPI.

I'll post a graph later today after the Cleveland Fed releases the median and trimmed-mean CPI.

Tuesday: Retail Sales, PPI, Empire State Mfg Survey

From the NY Times: Obama Says G.O.P. Won't Get 'Ransom' to Lift Debt Limit

'They will not collect a ransom in exchange for not crashing the American economy,' Mr. Obama vowed in the East Room, a week before his second inauguration. 'The financial well-being of the American people is not leverage to be used. The full faith and credit of the United States of America is not a bargaining chip.'

CR note: The "debt limit" is not about spending - it is about paying the bills.

The key in the short term is to NOT reduce the deficit too quickly (the fiscal agreement will probably add a 1.5% drag to the economy in 2013).  The key in the long term is put the debt on a sustainable path. These are not contradictory, and right now we are on a path to reduce the deficit to about 3% of GDP in 2015.  That is about the right pace following the financial crisis.  That gives policymakers time to address the long run issues.

Tuesday economic releases:
' At 8:30 AM ET, Retail sales for December will be released. There have been a number of reports of "soft" holiday retail sales. The consensus is for retail sales to increase 0.2% in December, and to increase 0.3% ex-autos..

' Also at 8:30 AM, the BLS will release the Producer Price Index for December. The consensus is for a 0.1% decrease in producer prices (0.2% increase in core).

' Also at 8:30 AM, the NY Fed Empire Manufacturing Survey for January will be released. The consensus is for a reading of 0.0, up from minus 8.1 in December (below zero is contraction).

' Also at 8:30 AM, Corelogic will release their House Price Index for November 2012.

' At 10:00 AM, the Manufacturing and Trade: Inventories and Sales (business inventories) report will be released.

Retail Sales increased 0.5% in December

On a monthly basis, retail sales increased 0.5% from November to December (seasonally adjusted), and sales were up 4.7% from December 2011. From the Census Bureau report:

The U.S. Census Bureau announced today that advance estimates of U.S. retail and food services sales for for December, adjusted for seasonal variation and holiday and trading-day differences, but not for price changes, were $415.7 billion, an increase of 0.5 percent from the previous month and 4.7 percent above December 2011. ... The October to November 2012 percent change was revised from +0.3 percent to +0.4 percent.

Click on graph for larger image.

Sales for November were revised up to a 0.4% gain.

This graph shows retail sales since 1992. This is monthly retail sales and food service, seasonally adjusted (total and ex-gasoline).

Retail sales are up 25.4% from the bottom, and now 9.7% above the pre-recession peak (not inflation adjusted)

The second graph shows the same data, but just since 2006 (to show the recent changes).

 Retail sales ex-autos increased 0.3%.

Excluding gasoline, retail sales are up 22.5% from the bottom, and now 10.0% above the pre-recession peak (not inflation adjusted).

The third graph shows the year-over-year change in retail sales and food service (ex-gasoline) since 1993.

Retail sales ex-gasoline increased by 5.1% on a YoY basis (4.7% for all retail sales).

This was above the consensus forecast of a 0.3% increase, and suggests the initial "soft" reports for December were too pessimistic. 

Bernanke to Congress: Do your job, Pay the Bills

Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke was very clear. The "debt ceiling" is about paying the bills, not about new spending. He urged congress to do their job, raise the debt ceiling, and pay the bills. His preference was to abolish the "debt ceiling" since it is redundant.

From the WSJ: Bernanke Calls on Congress to Raise Debt Ceiling

"It's very, very important that Congress take the necessary action to raise the debt ceiling to avoid the situation where the government doesn't pay its bills,' said Mr. Bernanke ... 'Raising the debt ceiling gives the government the ability to pay its existing bills'it doesn't create new spending,' he said.

At another point, Bernanke said the "debt ceiling" has "symbolic value", but he prefers eliminating it. He was very clear that Congress should do their job and raise the debt ceiling.

Bernanke also expressed concern about the long run sustainability of the debt (over decades), but that we also shouldn't cut the deficit too quickly and impact the "fragile recovery". He thought the fiscal cliff deal would subtract about 1.5% from GDP this year.

CR Note: As I've noted before, the "debt ceiling" sounds virtuous, but it is really just about paying the bills. Not paying the bills is reckless and irresponsible.

By stalling, Congress is scaring people and is probably already negatively impacting the economy. Congress should do their job.  Today.  I remain confident Congress will authorize paying the bills, but this delaying is embarrassing.

Gasoline Prices up Recently, Expected to be lower than in 2012

Another update on gasoline prices. From the EIA (Energy Information Administration):

EIA expects that the Brent crude oil spot price, which averaged $112 per barrel in 2012, will fall to an average of $105 per barrel in 2013 and $99 per barrel in 2014. The projected discount of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil to Brent, which averaged $18 per barrel in 2012, falls to an average of $16 per barrel in 2013 and $8 per barrel in 2014, as planned new pipeline capacity lowers the cost of moving Mid-continent crude oil to the Gulf Coast refining centers.

EIA expects that falling crude prices will help national average regular gasoline retail prices fall from an average $3.63 per gallon in 2012 to annual averages of $3.44 per gallon and $3.34 per gallon in 2013 and 2014, respectively.
emphasis added

Click on graph for larger image.

This graph shows the EIA forecasts for crude and gasoline. There are some seasonal factors for gasoline with prices rising during the summer. This forecast is mostly just some small changes to current prices, and as we all know, there can be wild event driven swings for oil and gasoline prices.

Below is a graph from Gasbuddy.com showing the roller coaster ride for gasoline prices last year. Prices are up a little this year, but still near the recent low.

If you click on "show crude oil prices", the graph displays oil prices for WTI, not Brent; gasoline prices in most of the U.S. are impacted more by Brent prices.

LPS: Mortgage Delinquency Rates increased slightly in November

LPS released their Mortgage Monitor report for November today. According to LPS, 7.12% of mortgages were delinquent in November, up from 7.03% in October, and down from 7.83% in November 2011.

LPS reports that 3.51% of mortgages were in the foreclosure process, down from 3.61% in October, and down from 4.20% in November 2011.

This gives a total of 10.63% delinquent or in foreclosure. It breaks down as:

' 1,999,000 properties that are 30 or more days, and less than 90 days past due, but not in foreclosure.
' 1,584,000 properties that are 90 or more days delinquent, but not in foreclosure.
' 1,767,000 loans in foreclosure process.

For a total of ''5,350,000 loans delinquent or in foreclosure in November. This is up slightly from 5,300,000 in October, and down from 6,172,000 in November 2011.

This following graph from LPS shows the total delinquent and in-foreclosure rates since 1995.

Click on graph for larger image.

Even though delinquencies were up slightly in November, it was mostly seasonal. However there was a large increase in delinquencies in the areas impacted by Hurricane Sandy, From LPS:

The November data also showed that the impact of Hurricane Sandy continued in ZIP codes hit hardest by the storm. While national delinquencies are moving in line with seasonal trends ' that is, tending to rise slightly through the remainder of the calendar year ' mortgage delinquencies increased sharply in those areas affected by Sandy. Whereas the national delinquency rate has increased 3.7 percent since August of this year, delinquencies in Sandy-impacted ZIPs have risen at more than threefold that pace ' climbing 15.4 percent in Conn., 15.2 percent in N.J. and 14.8 percent in N.Y.

The second graph from LPS shows foreclosure starts were off sharply. From LPS:

The November Mortgage Monitor report released by Lender Processing Services shows the national foreclosure inventory dropped to 3.51 percent in November, representing an almost 10 percent decline from September 2012, when newly instituted National Mortgage Settlement requirements began to influence the pace of first-time foreclosure starts. As noted in last month's Mortgage Monitor release, LPS expects foreclosure starts to rebound as mortgage servicers incorporate the new procedural requirements into their operations in the coming months.

There is much more in the mortgage monitor.